How must a spotter determine what is directly beneath the aircraft during jump run?

The most effective way for a spotter to determine what is directly beneath the aircraft during jump run is by looking straight down with their head fully outside. This approach allows the spotter to gain a clear and direct view of the ground, including landmarks and potential obstacles that may affect the jumpers' landing. By maintaining a straight-down view, the spotter can accurately assess the drop zone and provide critical information regarding wind conditions and land features directly below the aircraft.

Utilizing this position ensures that any visual signals needed by the jumpers can be communicated effectively, facilitating a safer jump operation. Observing from this vantage point is essential for the spotter to perform their role effectively, as they need to relay precise information regarding the ground environment to the jumpers.