What does descending faster than the terminal velocity signify for a jumper?

Descending faster than the terminal velocity indicates that the jumper is not in a stable freefall position. Terminal velocity is the constant speed that a freely falling object eventually reaches when the resistance of the medium (in this case, air) prevents further acceleration. For skydivers, this occurs at around 120 mph (or 54 meters per second), depending on their body position and shape.

When a jumper is not in a stable position—such as being upright or head down—they can experience increased airflow and turbulence, which can lead to a faster descent than terminal velocity. Achieving a stable position, like a spread-eagle position, helps the jumper increase drag and slow down to their terminal velocity. This showcases the importance of body position and awareness during freefall, as improper positioning can lead to situations where the aerodynamics are not favorable for controlled descent.

As for the other options, while an improperly deployed parachute can certainly lead to dangerous situations, it does not directly speak to ascending beyond terminal velocity in freefall as effectively as unstable positions do. The risk of injury is also valid but is a consequence of various factors, rather than solely indicative of descending faster than terminal velocity. Additionally, while conditions may vary for jumpers, not all jumpers undergo